To be used with the “My God” study of John 20:28
http://examiningthetrinity.blogspot.com/2009/10/mygod.html
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http://concordances.org/greek/kurie_2962.htm
All uses of kurie (vocative form or noun of address for kurios: "lord, sir, master.") - 120 in NT. No undisputed uses of the nominative form (kurios) as a noun of address.
Mt 7:21
"Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter.
21 Οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων μοι· κύριε κύριε εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν ουρανῶν ἀλλ’ ὁ ποιῶν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.
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Mt 7:22
22 πολλοὶ ἐροῦσιν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ· κύριε κύριε οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν;
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Mt 8:2
2 καὶ ἰδοὺ λεπρὸς προσελθὼν προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγων κύριε ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαι με καθαρίσαι.
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Mt 8:6
6 καὶ λέγων κύριε ὁ παῖς μου βέβληται έν τῇ οἰκίᾳ παραλυτικός δεινῶς βασανιζόμενος.
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Mt 8:8
8 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἑκατόνταρχος ἔφη κύριε οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς ἵνα μου ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην εἰσέλθῃς ἀλλὰ μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ καὶ ἱαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου.
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Mt 8:21
21 ἕτερος δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπεν αὐτῷ· κύριε ἐπίτρεψον μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου.
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Mt 8:25
25 καὶ προσελθόντες ἤγειραν αὐτὸν λέγοντες· κύριε, σῶσον, ἀπολλύμεθα.
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Mt 9:28
28 ἐλθόντι δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ τυφλοί, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τούτο ποιῆσαι; λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· ναὶ κύριε.
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Mt 11:25
25 Ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· ἐξομολογοῦμαι σοι, πάτερ, κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἔκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ νηπίοις·
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Mt 13:27
27 προσελθόντες δὲ οὶ δοῦλοι τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου εἶπον αὐτῷ· κύριε οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ; πόθεν οὐν ἔχει ζιζάνια;
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Mt 14:28
28 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν αὐτῷ· κύριε, εἰ συ εἶ, κέλευσον με ἐλθεῖν πρός σε ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα.
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Mt 14:30
30 βλέπων δὲ τὸν ἄνεμον ἐφοβήθη, καὶ ἀρξάμενος καταποντίζεσθαι ἔκραξεν λέγων· κύριε, σῶσον με.
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Mt 15:22
22 καὶ ἰδοὺ γυνὴ Χαναναία ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων ἐκείνων ἐξελθοῦσα ἔκραζεν λέγουσα· ἐλέησον με, κύριε υἱὸς Δαυίδ· ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται.
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Mt 15:25
25 ἡ δὲ ἐλθοῦσα προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγουσα· κύριε, βοήθει μοι.
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Mt 15:27
27 ἡ δὲ εἶπεν· ναὶ κύριε, καὶ [γὰρ] τὰ κυνάρια ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν.
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Mt 16:22
22 καὶ προσλαβόμενος αὐτὸν ὁ Πἐτρος ἤρξατο ἐπιτιμᾶν αὐτῷ λέγων· ἵλεως σοι, κύριε· οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο.
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Mt 17:4
4 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ· κύριε καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι· εἰ θέλεις, ποιήσω ὧδε τρεῖς σκηνάς σοι μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν.
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Mt 17:15
15 καὶ λέγων· κύριε, ἐλέησον μου τὸν υἱὸν, ὅτι σεληνιάζεται καὶ κακῶς ἔχει πολλάκις γὰρ πίπτει εἰς τὸ πῦρ καὶ πολλάκις εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ.
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Mt 18:21
21 Τότε προσελθὼν ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν [αὐτῷ]· κύριε, ποσάκις ἁμαρτήσει εἰς ἐμὲ ὁ ἀδελφός μου καὶ ἀφήσω αὐτῷ; ἕως ἑπτάκις;
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Mt 20:30
30 καὶ ἰδοὺ δύο τυφλοὶ καθήμενοι παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Ἰησοῦς παράγει, ἔκραξαν λέγοντες· κύριε, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς, υἱὸς Δαυίδ.
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Mt 20:31
31 ὁ δὲ ὄχλος ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς ἵνα σιωπήσωσιν· οἱ δὲ μεῖζον ἔκραξαν λέγοντες· κύριε, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς, υἱὸς Δαυίδ.
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Mt 20:33
33 λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· κύριε, ἵνα ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν.
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Mt 21:29
ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· ἐγὼ, κύριε, καὶ οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν.
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Mt 25:11
11 ὕστερον δὲ ἔρχονται καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ παρθένοι λέγουσαι· κύριε κύριε, ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν.
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Mt 25:20
20 καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ τὰ πέντε τάλαντα λαβὼν προσήνεγκεν ἄλλα πέντε τάλαντα λέγων· κύριε· πέντε τάλαντα μοι παρέδωκας·
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Mt 25:22
22 προσελθὼν καὶ ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα εἶπεν· κύριε, δύο τάλαντα μοι παρέδωκας· ἴδε ἄλλα δύο τάλαντα ἐκέρδησα.
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Mt 25:24
24 προσελθὼν δὲ καὶ ὁ τὸ ἓν τάλαντον εἰληφὼς εἶπεν· κύριε, ἔγνων σε ὅτι σκληρὸς εἶ ἄνθρωπος, θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας καὶ συνάγων ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισας,
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Mt 25:37
37 τότε ἀποκριθήσονται αὐτῷ οἱ δίκαιοι λέγοντες· κύριε, πότε σε εἴδομεν πεινῶντα καὶ ἐθρέψαμεν, ἢ διψῶντα καὶ ἐποτίσαμεν;
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Mt 25:44
44 τότε ἀποκριθήσονται καὶ αὐτοὶ λέγοντες· κύριε, πότε σε εἴδομεν πεινῶντα ἢ διψῶντα ᾒ ξένον ἢ γυμνὸν ἢ ἀσθενῆ ἢ ἐν φυλακῇ καὶ οὐ διηκονήσαμεν σοι;
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Mt 26:22
22 καὶ λυπούμενοι σφόδρα ἤρξαντο λέγειν αὐτῷ εἷς ἕκαστος· μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, κύριε;
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Mt 27:63
63 λέγοντες· κύριε, ἐμνήσθημεν ὅτι ἐκεῖνος ὁ πλάνος εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν· μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι.
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Mr 7:28
28 ἡ δὲ ἀπεκρίθη καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· ναί, κύριε· καὶ τὰ κυνάρια ὑποκάτω τῆς τραπέζης ἐσθίουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν παιδίων.
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Lu 5:8
8 ἰδὼν δὲ Σίμων Πέτρος προσέπεσεν τοῖς γόνασιν Ἰησοῦ λἐγων· ἔξελθε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι ἄνηρ ἁμαρτωλός εἰμι, κύριε.
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Lu 5:12
12 Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πόλεων καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνηρ πλήρης λέπρας· ἰδὼν δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐδεήθη αὐτοῦ λέγων· κύριε, ἐὰν θέλης δύνασαι με καθαρίσαι.
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Lu 6:46
46 Τί δὲ με καλεῖτε· κύριε κύριε, καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε ἃ λέγω;
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Lu 7:6
6 ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἐπορεύετο σὺν αὐτοῖς. ἥδη δὲ αὐτοῦ οὐ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας ἔπεμψεν φίλους ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης λέγων αὐτῷ· κύριε, μὴ σκύλλου, οὐ γὰρ ἱκανός εἰμι ἵνα ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην μου εἰσέλθῃς·
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Lu 9:54
54 ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωάννης εἶπαν· κύριε, θέλεις εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀναλῶσαι αὐτούς;
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Lu 9:61
61 Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ ἕτερος· ἀκολουθήσω σοι, κύριε, πρῶτον δὲ ἐπίτρεψον μοι ἀποτάξασθαι τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκον μου.
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Lu 10:17
17 Ὑπέστρεψαν δὲ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα [δύο] μετὰ χαρᾶς λέγοντες· κύριε, καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι σου.
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Lu 10:21
21 Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὧρᾳ ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ καὶ εἶπεν· ἐξομολογοῦμαι σοι, πάτερ, κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἀπέκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ νηπίοις· ναὶ ὁ πατήρ, ὅτι οὕτως εὐδοκία ἐγένετο ἔμπροσθεν σου.
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Lu 10:40
40 ἡ δὲ Μάρθα περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν διακονίαν· ἐπιστᾶσα δὲ εἶπεν· κύριε, οὐ μέλει σοι ὅτι ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλειπεν διακονεῖν; εἶπον οὖν αὐτῇ ἵνα μοι συναντιλάβηται.
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See part 2 https://examiningthetrinity.blogspot.com/2019/01/kurie-part-2.html
11 comments:
Very interesting studies, dear brothers in the faith. Just for sake of clarifying: Are there cases, disputed or not, where kyrios is used in nominative case when being adressed?
Please see the My God study (especially end note #5) for the only 2 possible exceptions Trinitarians have found.
Thanks. I tried to do a search on the uses of "thee" theos in the vocative case, only found Matthew 27:46. I think I read somewhere that in koiné Greek the use of the vocative case was not very consistent, that many times, persons where adressed in the nominative case instead. Is this correct? If the contrary is the case, John 20:28 can be definitely dismissed as trinitarian proof.
Yes, there are only a few words which consistently use the vocative case in the NT. I have examined a few in the above study.
Unfortunately, thee (vocative of theos) is one which is rarely used.
Fortunately kurie (vocative of kurios, 'Lord' in English) is one that is ALWAYS used when ADDRESSING as "Lord." The proof is provided in the above study.
What about cases in the LXX? Isn't John 20:28 said to be a quote from Psalms applied to Jesus (by Trinitarians)?
I'm not aware of any such quote. If you know of one, please let us know.
Psalm 35:23 is the usually cited example. The LXX Greek is:
εξεγέρθητι ΚΎΡΙΕ και πρόσχες τη κρίσει μου Ο ΘΕΌΣ ΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ Ο ΚΥΡΙΌΣ ΜΟΥ εις την δίκην μου
Awake, O Lord, and attend to my judgment, even to my cause, MY GOD AND MY LORD
Interesting comment. I'll answer it in the text of my original study: My God-John 20:28.
What do you think about Mark 15:34 and Matthew 27:46?
For example, in Matthew 27:46, Θεέ μου is used with the vocative address and in Mark 15:34 ὁ θεός μου is used in both nominative no matter the case it is an address to the Father, I think it would be an exception to the use of ὁ θεός μου of John 20:28
What's your opinion about it?
I would also like to know what you think about Psalm 35:23 in the LXX
"εξεγε̇ρθητι κυ̇ριε και προ̇σχες τη κρι̇σει μου ο θεο̇ς μου και ο κυριο̇ς μου εις την δι̇κην μου"
How would it be explained that here κυ̇ριε and κυριο̇ς is used in direct treatment? I think it would be an exception
In the 'My God' study it was explained that theos is often used in the nominative case in the NT. But the vocative kurie is always used for 'lord' in address.
As for the use of 'Lord' in address in the Septuagint, I see only this one use of kurios in what appears to be an address: Ps 35:23.
If this is truly in address, then it appears to be an exception. However, the other seven uses of 'Lord' in address in this same Psalm 35 are kurie! (see end note #5 in the 'My God' study.)
If this is the only exception in the Septuagint it may simply be a copyists' error. If there a number of others in the Septuagint, I still believe that the NT uses kurie only when 'Lord' is in address.
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